Analyzing the Direct and Indirect Effects of Coping Self-Efficacy on Well-Being via Quality of Life : Coping Self-Efficacy's Impact on Well-Being

Shahla Saeed; Summiya Ahmad; Hayat Muhammad

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v5i04.1349

Authors

Shahla Saeed Department of Psychology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
Summiya Ahmad Department of Psychology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
Hayat Muhammad Department of Psychology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i04.1349

Keywords:

Self-Efficacy, Quality of Life, Mediation, Psychological Thriving

Abstract

Understanding the intricate interplay between coping self-efficacy, quality of life, and overall well-being is essential in exploring the factors that contribute to individual resilience and psychological thriving. Objective: To test coping self-efficacy's direct and indirect (through quality of life) effect on well-being. Methods: Using purposive sampling, data were collected from literate adults aged 18 and above in Pakistan. Sample (N=150), mean age=22.65 years consisted of 51 males (34%) and 99 females (66%). Informed consent was taken, and participants filled out the questionnaire consisting of the PERMA profiler, generalized self-efficacy scale, world health organization quality of life brief and demographic sheet. Results: Data analysis showed that coping self-efficacy positively affects well-being (B=3.98, p <0.01). The meditational model showed a significantly positive direct effect (B=.2.78, p >0.01) as well as the indirect effect of coping self-efficacy on well-being (B = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.46, to 1.90). These results show that having higher coping self-efficacy will have an accelerating effect on well-being. Similarly, coping self-efficacy also increases the quality of life, further increasing well-being. Conclusions: An individual’s well-being increases in the presence of higher coping self-efficacy, and this relation is accelerated further in the presence of better quality of life. Thus, the quality of life and self-efficacy can be targeted in intervention programs to enhance well-being for living a more fulfilling life and to create more resilient citizens.

References

Seligman ME. Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Simon and Schuster; 2011 Apr.

Forgeard MJ, Jayawickreme E, Kern ML, Seligman ME. Doing the right thing: Measuring wellbeing for public policy. International Journal of Wellbeing. 2011 Jan; 1(1). doi: 10.5502/ijw.v1i1.15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v1i1.15

Choi MY. Mental and physical factors influencing wellbeing among South Korean emergency workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021 Jan; 18: 70. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010070. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010070

Bracken-Scally M, McGilloway S, Gallagher S, Mitchell JT. Life after the emergency services: An exploratory study of well-being and quality of life in emergency service retirees. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health and Human Resilience. 2014; 16(1): 44-61. doi: 10.4172/1522-4821.1000108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4172/1522-4821.1000108

Butler J and Kern ML. The PERMA-Profiler: A brief multidimensional measure of flourishing. International Journal of Wellbeing. 2016 Oct; 6(3). doi: 10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i3.526

Shakespeare-Finch J, Rees A, Armstrong D. Social support, self-efficacy, trauma and well-being in emergency medical dispatchers. Social Indicators Research. 2015 Sep; 123: 549-65. doi: 10.1007/s11205-014-0749-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0749-9

Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M. Generalized self-efficacy scale. J. Weinman, S. Wright, & M. Johnston, Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio. Causal and control beliefs. 1995;35(37):82-003. doi: 10.1037/t00393-000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t00393-000

Bandura A. Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology. 2001 Feb; 52: 1-26. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.1

Messina R, Rucci P, Sturt J, Mancini T, Fantini MP. Assessing self-efficacy in type 2 diabetes management: validation of the Italian version of the Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (IT-DMSES). Health and quality of life outcomes. 2018 Dec; 16: 1-9. doi: 10.1186/s12955-018-0901-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-018-0901-3

Schwerdtfeger A, Konermann L, Schönhofen K. Self-efficacy as a health-protective resource in teachers? A biopsychological approach. Health Psychology. 2008 May; 27: 358. doi: 10.1037/0278-6133.27.3.358. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-6133.27.3.358

Saeed S. Personal and Environmental Antecedents of Diabetes Control and Quality of Life: Elaborating Adherence from a Socio-Cognitive Perspective. [Master Thesis]. National Institute of Psychology. Quaid-i-Azam University: Islamabad, Pakistan; 2018

Chakrabarty A, Das US, Kushwaha S. QOL Barometer for the Well-being of Citizens: Leverages during Critical Emergencies and Pandemic Disasters. Decision Sciences for COVID-19: Learning Through Case Studies. 2022 Feb: 457-481. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-87019-5_25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87019-5_25

Bowen PG, Clay OJ, Lee LT, Vice J, Ovalle F, Crowe M et al. Associations of social support and self-efficacy with quality of life in older adults with diabetes. Journal of Gerontological Nursing. 2015 Dec; 41: 21-9. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20151008-44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20151008-44

World Health Organization. WHOQOL-BREF: introduction, administration, scoring and generic version of the assessment: field trial version, World Health Organization. 1996 Dec.

Bagheri MJ, Asgharnejad Farid A, Nasrolahi B. The Relationship between self-efficacy and quality of life through the mediating role of psychological well-being in the Elderly. Aging Psychology. 2022 Apr; 8(1): 54-39. doi: 10.22126/JAP.2022.7431.1602.

McAuley E, Konopack JF, Motl RW, Morris KS, Doerksen SE, Rosengren KR et al. Physical activity and quality of life in older adults: influence of health status and self-efficacy. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2006 Feb; 31: 99-103. doi: 10.1207/s15324796abm3101_14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15324796abm3101_14

Bandura A and López-Angulo. Self-Efficacy: the exercise of control: New York: Freedom and Company. 1997; 10.

Killingsworth MA. Experienced well-being rises with income, even above $75,000 per year. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2021 Jan; 118: e2016976118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2016976118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016976118

Povey J, Boreham P, Tomaszewski W. The development of a new multi-faceted model of social wellbeing: Does income level make a difference? Journal of Sociology. 2016 Jun; 52: 155-72. doi: 10.1177/1440783313507491. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783313507491

Joekes K, Van Elderen T, Schreurs K. Self-efficacy and overprotection are related to quality of life, psychological well-being and self-management in cardiac patients. Journal of Health Psychology. 2007 Jan; 12: 4-16. doi: 10.1177/1359105306069096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105306069096

Van Agteren J, Iasiello M, Lo L, Bartholomaeus J, Kopsaftis Z, Carey M et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions to improve mental wellbeing. Nature Human Behavior. 2021 May; 5: 631-52. doi: 10.1038/s41562-021-01093-w. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01093-w