Fetal Outcomes of Pregnancy with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane: Fetal Outcomes with Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane

Maryam Shahid; Madiha Jamil Awan; Asma Habib

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v7i1.3676

Authors

Maryam Shahid 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Madiha Jamil Awan 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
Asma Habib 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fatima Jinnah Medical University, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v7i1.3676

Keywords:

Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes, Preterm Birth, Neonatal Outcomes, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Perinatal Mortality, Prematurity

Abstract

Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is a major contributor to preterm birth and is strongly associated with increased neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To evaluate fetal outcomes among pregnancies complicated by PPROM and to compare neonatal morbidity and mortality between infants delivered at ≤34 weeks and those delivered after 34 weeks of gestation. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out at Fatima Jinnah Medical University/Sir Ganga Ram Hospital. A total of 125 pregnant women who had preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) during the period of 28-37 gestational weeks. The diagnosis was made by the examination through the sterile speculum with positive pooling, nitrazine, or ferning. Mothers and babies were observed until discharge. SPSS version 25.0 was used to analyze the data, and p<0.05 was the significant value. Results: The mean gestational age at rupture was 31.2 ± 1.1 weeks in the ≤ 34-week group and 35.3 ± 0.9 weeks in the >34-week group. Early gestation was associated with significantly lower birth weight (1.78 ± 0.34 kg vs. 2.36 ± 0.41 kg; p<0.001), higher NICU admissions (82.3% vs. 35.1%; p<0.001), and increased neonatal complications including respiratory distress syndrome (58.8% vs. 14.0%; p<0.001) and sepsis (32.3% vs. 15.8%; p=0.03). Perinatal mortality was markedly higher among infants ≤ 34 weeks (20.6%) compared to those >34 weeks (3.5%; p=0.002). Conclusions: PPROM is associated with substantial fetal morbidity and mortality, especially when occurring before 34 weeks of gestation. Prematurity, low birth weight, and infection remain the major determinants of poor neonatal outcomes.

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