Natural Conception Rate in Sub-Fertile Couples Following Laparoscopy and Dye Test

Abstract

Infertility represents a major reproductive health issue, affecting between 8-12% couples worldwide. Objectives: To determine the natural conception rate in sub-fertile couples following laparoscopy and dye test (LDT). Methods: This single-center, prospective, observational, cohort study was performed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaquat National Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, during May 2024 to August 2025. A total of 131 couples with sub-fertility were consecutively enrolled if the female partner was scheduled for LDT. Baseline demographic and clinical data were recorded from both partners. All procedures were performed by experienced gynecologic surgeons. Participants were followed for six months to assess natural conception, confirmed clinically and by ultrasound. Statistical analyses included chi-square, t-test, or independent sample t-test, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: Out of the 131 women, the mean age was 30.1 ± 6.0 years. The mean duration of subfertility was 25.6 ± 9.2 months. On laparoscopy, 69.5% had normal tubes, while unilateral and bilateral tubal abnormalities were seen in 16.0% and 8.4%. Natural conception within six months occurred in 76 (58.0%) women, with a mean interval to conception of 4.8 ± 1.1 months. Women who conceived were significantly younger (p=0.035), had lower BMI (p=0.003), and were more often nulligravid (p=0.001). Hypothyroidism was more prevalent among those who did not conceive (p=0.004). Conclusions: The study provides evidence supporting LDT as a valuable diagnostic and therapeutic modality in the management of sub-fertile couples. Younger age, lower BMI, and absence of hypothyroidism were associated with successful natural conception following LDT.