Association Between Anemia and Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes vs Non-Gestational Diabetes among Pregnant Women: Anemia and Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Vs Non-Gestational Diabetes

Safder Ali Pervez; Sarwat Ashraf; Abdul Hayee Phulpoto; Ratan Kumar Ramani; Munir Ahmed Channa; Asif Aziz

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v6i6.3191

Authors

Safder Ali Pervez Department of Medicine, Khairpur Medical College, Khairpur Mir’s, Pakistan
Sarwat Ashraf Department of Medicine, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Institute of Science, Gambat, Pakistan
Abdul Hayee Phulpoto Department of Medicine, Khairpur Medical College, Khairpur Mir’s, Pakistan
Ratan Kumar Ramani Department of Medicine, Khairpur Medical College, Khairpur Mir’s, Pakistan
Munir Ahmed Channa Department of Medicine, Muhammad Medical College, Mirpur Khas, Pakistan
Asif Aziz Department of Medicine, Pir Abdul Qadir Shah Institute of Science, Gambat, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v6i6.3191

Keywords:

Anemia, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Pregnancy, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Abstract

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects a large number of pregnant women globally and generates significant health complications for both mothers and their newborns. Objectives: To establish anemia prevalence among pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by investigating how various demographic and clinical factors influence this relationship. Methods: A six-month comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Khairpur Medical College, Khairpur Mir’s. The study enrolled pregnant women n=200 between 18-40 years of age who had single child pregnancies during the gestational period of 24 to 28 weeks. The criteria established by WHO distinguished anemia while the diagnosis of GDM followed the OGTT results using a 75g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) as per WHO/ADA 2013 guidelines. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with chi-square tests and logistic regression. Results: The mean age of maternal individuals (29.8 years) along with body mass index (BMI 29.4 kg/m²) was higher in GDM group members than in non-GDM group individuals; p<0.001. GDM mothers had higher anemia prevalence at 78.3% compared to 57.1% in the other group (p=0.004), alongside lower average hemoglobin measurement results (9.8 g/dL compared to 10.5 g/dL, p=0.001). The analysis using logistic regression established both anemia along BMI and maternal age as independent risks for GDM diagnosis (OR: 2.35, p=0.006). Conclusion: It was concluded that anemia occurs more frequently in pregnant women with GDM, while remaining an independent GDM factor, which also correlates with elevated maternal age and BMI compared to non-GDM women.

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